What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering pertinent information
Respond to two of your colleagues who were assigned a different patient than you. Critique your colleague’s targeted questions, and explain how the patient might interpret these questions. Explain whether any of the questions would apply to your patient, and why.
Peer 1
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Shawn Billings, a 28-year-old African American patient comes into the clinic today. He has been deemed a “frequent flyer” by the staff at the clinic and was at the clinic last week and 4 days ago with a migraine, given a shot of Toradol and Ativan and sent home. He is here today again for an extreme headache. He is very agitated today. He is here with his father and is worried that he will not get any medication.
Post an explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you were assigned.
From a medical perspective, those who attend the emergency room (ED) more than ten times a year are considered frequent flyers. Their complex medical and social conditions, which include greater rates of disability, mental illness, substance misuse, and homelessness, are more likely to affect men, and they are more likely to be homeless. They are less likely to need hospital admission, making the cost to the health care system lower (EMRA, 2019).
An incident of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain on one side of the head occurs repeatedly with migraine headaches. Attacks go untreated for four to 72 hours. The pain from ordinary physical activity, movement, or even coughing or sneezing can exacerbate other typical symptoms such as heightened sensitivity to light, noise, and scents, nausea, and vomiting. Mornings are when migraines most usually strike, especially right after awakening. Other people experience migraines at regular intervals, such as the day before their period or the weekend after a challenging work week. Although many people experience weakness or exhaustion after a migraine, they are typically symptom-free in between attacks (NIH, 2023).
Treatment for migraines aims to reduce symptoms and stop further attacks. A cool cloth or an ice pack can be applied to the forehead to relieve symptoms. Other quick remedies include napping or resting with the eyes closed in a quiet, darkened area (NIH, 2023).
There are two types of drug therapy for migraines: acute and preventative. To treat pain and regain function, acute or “abortive” drugs are used as soon as symptoms appear. The goal of preventive treatment is to lessen the severity of upcoming attacks or prevent them from occurring altogether (NIH, 2023).
Any of the following medicines may be used as acute migraine treatment: Serotonin levels in the brain are raised by triptan medications. Blood vessels tighten as a result of serotonin, which also lowers the pain threshold. The preferred migraine medication, triptans, reduces moderate to severe migraine discomfort. Drugs made from ergot bind to serotonin receptors on nerve cells to lessen the flow of pain signals along nerve fibers. They work best when migraines are still in the early stages. Less severe migraine headaches can be treated with over-the-counter or non-prescription analgesics such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen. Combination analgesics combine medications, such as caffeine and acetaminophen, to treat migraines that may be resistant to simple analgesics. NSAIDs, which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, can alleviate pain. Prescription nausea medications can reduce nausea brought on by different forms of headache. Narcotics are momentarily prescribed to treat pain. Chronic headaches shouldn’t be treated with these medications (NIH, 2023).
Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Toradol is a medication approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to treat short-term, moderately severe pain. It is a member of the class of pharmaceuticals known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, it is also utilized off-label to relieve migraine pain (AAFP, 2018).
Ketorolac is neither a narcotic nor a habit-forming substance. As opposed to opioids, it won’t result in physical or mental reliance. Yet, when combined with a narcotic, ketorolac can occasionally offer greater pain relief than either drug by itself. The negative effects of ketorolac might be extremely harmful. With the dosage of ketorolac and the duration of treatment, the probability of experiencing a major adverse effect rises. As a result, using ketorolac for more than five days is not advised (MayoClinic.org, 2023).
At the time of headaches, everyone with migraine needs excellent therapy. Some sufferers with severe, recurrent migraines require preventative medicine. In general, prophylaxis should be considered if migraines happen at least once a week or if they are less common but incapacitating. For people who take symptomatic headache medication more than three times per week, preventive medications are also advised. A migraine sufferer should also take one or more preventive drugs for two to three months to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment unless unbearable side effects arise (NIH, 2023).
Several migraine prevention medications were previously promoted for illnesses other than migraine. In addition to migraine, anticonvulsants may be beneficial for people with other forms of headaches. These medications, despite being initially designed to treat epilepsy, raise levels of specific neurotransmitters while reducing pain signals. Beta-blockers are prescribed to lower blood pressure and are frequently successful in treating migraines. Calcium channel blockers serve to stabilize blood vessel walls and are used to treat excessive blood pressure. These medications appear to function by halting the blood vessels’ ability to either widen or restrict, which has an impact on blood flow to the brain. Antidepressants affect several brain chemicals; their ability to treat migraines is not directly correlated with how they affect mood. Antidepressants could be beneficial. As antidepressants stimulate serotonin production and may also impact levels of other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, they may be beneficial for people with different types of headaches (NIH, 2023).
Riboflavin (vitamin B2), magnesium, coenzyme Q10, and butterbur are all natural migraine remedies (medicinal plants). Biofeedback and relaxation training are two non-drug treatments for migraines that assist sufferers in managing or controlling the onset of pain and the body’s stress reaction. Exercise, avoiding foods and drinks that cause headaches, eating regularly scheduled meals with enough water, quitting some medications, and having a regular sleep pattern is all lifestyle modifications that lessen or prevent migraine attacks in some people (NIH, 2023).
Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why.
Respond to two of your colleagues who were assigned a different patient than you. Critique your colleague’s targeted questions, and explain how the patient might interpret these questions. Explain whether any of the questions would apply to your patient, and why.
Peer 1
Shawn Billings, a 28-year-old African American patient comes into the clinic today. He has been deemed a “frequent flyer” by the staff at the clinic and was at the clinic last week and 4 days ago with a migraine, given a shot of Toradol and Ativan and sent home. He is here today again for an extreme headache. He is very agitated today. He is here with his father and is worried that he will not get any medication.
Post an explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you were assigned.
From a medical perspective, those who attend the emergency room (ED) more than ten times a year are considered frequent flyers. Their complex medical and social conditions, which include greater rates of disability, mental illness, substance misuse, and homelessness, are more likely to affect men, and they are more likely to be homeless. They are less likely to need hospital admission, making the cost to the health care system lower (EMRA, 2019).
An incident of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain on one side of the head occurs repeatedly with migraine headaches. Attacks go untreated for four to 72 hours. The pain from ordinary physical activity, movement, or even coughing or sneezing can exacerbate other typical symptoms such as heightened sensitivity to light, noise, and scents, nausea, and vomiting. Mornings are when migraines most usually strike, especially right after awakening. Other people experience migraines at regular intervals, such as the day before their period or the weekend after a challenging work week. Although many people experience weakness or exhaustion after a migraine, they are typically symptom-free in between attacks (NIH, 2023).
Treatment for migraines aims to reduce symptoms and stop further attacks. A cool cloth or an ice pack can be applied to the forehead to relieve symptoms. Other quick remedies include napping or resting with the eyes closed in a quiet, darkened area (NIH, 2023).
There are two types of drug therapy for migraines: acute and preventative. To treat pain and regain function, acute or “abortive” drugs are used as soon as symptoms appear. The goal of preventive treatment is to lessen the severity of upcoming attacks or prevent them from occurring altogether (NIH, 2023).
Any of the following medicines may be used as acute migraine treatment: Serotonin levels in the brain are raised by triptan medications. Blood vessels tighten as a result of serotonin, which also lowers the pain threshold. The preferred migraine medication, triptans, reduces moderate to severe migraine discomfort. Drugs made from ergot bind to serotonin receptors on nerve cells to lessen the flow of pain signals along nerve fibers. They work best when migraines are still in the early stages. Less severe migraine headaches can be treated with over-the-counter or non-prescription analgesics such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen. Combination analgesics combine medications, such as caffeine and acetaminophen, to treat migraines that may be resistant to simple analgesics. NSAIDs, which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, can alleviate pain. Prescription nausea medications can reduce nausea brought on by different forms of headache. Narcotics are momentarily prescribed to treat pain. Chronic headaches shouldn’t be treated with these medications (NIH, 2023).
Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Toradol is a medication approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to treat short-term, moderately severe pain. It is a member of the class of pharmaceuticals known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, it is also utilized off-label to relieve migraine pain (AAFP, 2018).
Ketorolac is neither a narcotic nor a habit-forming substance. As opposed to opioids, it won’t result in physical or mental reliance. Yet, when combined with a narcotic, ketorolac can occasionally offer greater pain relief than either drug by itself. The negative effects of ketorolac might be extremely harmful. With the dosage of ketorolac and the duration of treatment, the probability of experiencing a major adverse effect rises. As a result, using ketorolac for more than five days is not advised (MayoClinic.org, 2023).
At the time of headaches, everyone with migraine needs excellent therapy. Some sufferers with severe, recurrent migraines require preventative medicine. In general, prophylaxis should be considered if migraines happen at least once a week or if they are less common but incapacitating. For people who take symptomatic headache medication more than three times per week, preventive medications are also advised. A migraine sufferer should also take one or more preventive drugs for two to three months to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment unless unbearable side effects arise (NIH, 2023).
Several migraine prevention medications were previously promoted for illnesses other than migraine. In addition to migraine, anticonvulsants may be beneficial for people with other forms of headaches. These medications, despite being initially designed to treat epilepsy, raise levels of specific neurotransmitters while reducing pain signals. Beta-blockers are prescribed to lower blood pressure and are frequently successful in treating migraines. Calcium channel blockers serve to stabilize blood vessel walls and are used to treat excessive blood pressure. These medications appear to function by halting the blood vessels’ ability to either widen or restrict, which has an impact on blood flow to the brain. Antidepressants affect several brain chemicals; their ability to treat migraines is not directly correlated with how they affect mood. Antidepressants could be beneficial. As antidepressants stimulate serotonin production and may also impact levels of other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, they may be beneficial for people with different types of headaches (NIH, 2023).
Riboflavin (vitamin B2), magnesium, coenzyme Q10, and butterbur are all natural migraine remedies (medicinal plants). Biofeedback and relaxation training are two non-drug treatments for migraines that assist sufferers in managing or controlling the onset of pain and the body’s stress reaction. Exercise, avoiding foods and drinks that cause headaches, eating regularly scheduled meals with enough water, quitting some medications, and having a regular sleep pattern is all lifestyle modifications that lessen or prevent migraine attacks in some people (NIH, 2023).
Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering pertinent information?
In order to provide patient-centered care, communication skills such as focused active listening, not interrupting the patient, and asking open-ended questions are necessary. Patient-centered communication emphasizes the need to comprehend the patient’s perspective on the condition and demonstrate empathy (Hashim, 2017).
The patient in this case study may be known as a frequent flyer to the clinic, partly because the clinic assisted him with only temporary relief and did not provide a treatment that would be required for a possible long-term or ongoing issue. Perhaps a referral to a neurologist at this point may assist the patient in obtaining more adequate treatment for the issue involved.
Investigating the patient’s thoughts, feelings, experiences, and concerns about the effects of the illness as well as what the patient anticipates from the doctor will help you better understand the patient’s point of view. Empathy can be demonstrated by naming the feeling, expressing respect, understanding, and support, as well as through learning about the patient’s sickness experience and feelings (Hashim, 2017)
By allowing patients to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of many treatment alternatives, including no treatment, shared decision-making empowers patients. Little doses of medical knowledge should be given to the patient repeatedly utilizing the “ask-tell-ask” method rather than bombarding them with it (Hashim, 2017).
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In order to provide patient-centered care, communication skills such as focused active listening, not interrupting the patient, and asking open-ended questions are necessary. Patient-centered communication emphasizes the need to comprehend the patient’s perspective on the condition and demonstrate empathy (Hashim, 2017).
The patient in this case study may be known as a frequent flyer to the clinic, partly because the clinic assisted him with only temporary relief and did not provide a treatment that would be required for a possible long-term or ongoing issue. Perhaps a referral to a neurologist at this point may assist the patient in obtaining more adequate treatment for the issue involved.
Investigating the patient’s thoughts, feelings, experiences, and concerns about the effects of the illness as well as what the patient anticipates from the doctor will help you better understand the patient’s point of view. Empathy can be demonstrated by naming the feeling, expressing respect, understanding, and support, as well as through learning about the patient’s sickness experience and feelings (Hashim, 2017)
By allowing patients to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of many treatment alternatives, including no treatment, shared decision-making empowers patients. Little doses of medical knowledge should be given to the patient repeatedly utilizing the “ask-tell-ask” method rather than bombarding them with it (Hashim, 2017).
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